The Ultimate Sports Betting Map: A State-by-State Guide to Legality and Regulations

8 min read
Aug 30, 2024, 9:27 AM

Sports Betting Legality in the US

The landscape of sports betting in the United States has undergone significant changes in recent years. This comprehensive guide aims to provide an objective overview of the current state of sports betting legality across the country.

We'll explore the legal framework, trends, and implications of sports betting legislation.

Sports betting refers to the act of wagering on the outcome of sporting events. It has a long history in the US, but its legal status has been complex and evolving. 

The legalization of sports betting has been a topic of intense debate, with proponents arguing for increased tax revenue and consumer protection, while opponents express concerns about gambling addiction and the integrity of sports.

In 2018, a landmark Supreme Court decision paved the way for individual states to legalize sports betting. This ruling struck down the federal ban on sports betting, allowing states to determine their own laws regarding this form of gambling.

Since then, many states have moved to legalize and regulate sports betting, while others have maintained prohibitions or are still considering legislation.

States with Legalized Sports Betting

Map of all legal states for sports betting in the U.S.

Map of all legal sports betting states in the U.S.

As of 2024, 38 states have embraced legal sports gambling. New Jersey was among the first states to legalize sports betting following the Supreme Court decision.

The Garden State quickly became a leader in the industry, offering both in-person sports betting at casinos and racetracks, as well as online sports betting options.

The Pennsylvania Approach
Pennsylvania legalized sports betting in 2018. The Keystone State has seen significant growth in its sports betting market, with both retail and online sportsbooks operating within its borders. Pennsylvania's approach to sports betting includes strict regulations and high tax rates on operators.

Nevada, long known as the gambling capital of the US, has had legal sports betting for decades. The Silver State's established infrastructure and experience in regulating gambling have helped it maintain a strong position in the sports betting market, even as other states have entered the field.

New York's Rapid Growth
New York legalized online sports betting in January 2022 and quickly became one of the largest markets in the country. Within its first year, New York generated over $700 million in tax revenue from sports betting, showcasing the potential economic impact of legalization.

Other states with legal sports betting include Delaware, West Virginia, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire. Each of these states has implemented its own unique regulatory framework, with variations in tax rates, licensing procedures, and permitted betting options.

States Considering Legalized Sports Betting

While many states have already legalized sports gambling, others are still in the process of considering legislation. Before you start it is important to know where sports betting is legal in the U.S.

Texas, for example, has seen multiple attempts to legalize sports betting, but legislation has consistently fallen short in recent years. The Lone Star State's conservative political climate has posed challenges for proponents of legalization.

The Sleeping Giant
California, despite being the most populous state in the country, has yet to legalize sports betting. Various proposals have been put forward, including initiatives for both retail and online sports betting, but disagreements among stakeholders have thus far prevented passage of legislation.

Georgia is another state where sports betting legislation has been a topic of ongoing debate. Proponents argue that legalization could provide much-needed tax revenue for education and other state programs, while opponents express concerns about the social impacts of expanded gambling.

Florida's Legal Challenges
Florida briefly launched legal online sports betting in 2021, but the operation was halted due to legal challenges. The state's compact with the Seminole Tribe, which would have allowed for statewide mobile betting, was ruled invalid by a federal judge. This case highlights the complex legal issues that can arise in the process of legalizing sports betting.

Other states considering sports betting legislation include Missouri, Minnesota, and Oklahoma. Each of these states faces unique political and economic considerations as they weigh the potential benefits and drawbacks of legalization.

Sports Betting Regulations and Laws

The regulatory landscape for sports betting varies significantly from state to state. 

While the federal government no longer prohibits sports betting outright, it still plays a role in overseeing interstate gambling activities and enforcing anti-money laundering laws.

At the state level, regulations typically cover a range of issues, including licensing requirements for operators, permitted types of bets, mobile sports betting, horse racing regulations, and measures to prevent problem gambling

Many states require sportsbooks to use official league data for settling bets, a provision that has been pushed by professional sports leagues.

Tax rates on sports betting revenue can vary widely between states. For example, Pennsylvania imposes a relatively high 36% tax rate on sports betting revenue, while Nevada's rate is much lower at 6.75%. 

These tax rates can have a significant impact on the profitability of sportsbooks and the overall competitiveness of a state's betting market.

New Jersey's Success Story
New Jersey's approach to sports betting regulation has been widely regarded as successful. The state allows for both retail and online betting, with multiple operators competing in the market. This competitive environment has led to innovation in betting products and favorable odds for consumers.

Age restrictions are another important aspect of sports betting regulations. Most states require bettors to be at least 21 years old, though some set the minimum age at 18. Enforcement of these age restrictions is a key priority for regulators and operators alike.

Many states also mandate responsible gambling measures as part of their sports betting regulations. 

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Common responsible gambling tools may include self-exclusion programs, limits on betting amounts, and required contributions to problem gambling treatment programs.

Responsible Sports Betting Practices

As sports betting becomes more widespread, there's an increased focus on promoting responsible gambling practices. 

Sports bettors are encouraged to view betting as a form of entertainment rather than a way to make money.

Setting and sticking to a budget is a key aspect of responsible betting. Many experts recommend that individuals should never bet more than they can afford to lose. Some sportsbooks offer tools to help users set deposit and betting limits.

Understanding the odds and the house edge in sports betting is also important for responsible participation. 

Educating bettors about the realities of sports betting, including the likelihood of long-term losses, is a priority for many regulators and responsible gambling advocates.

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The National Council on Problem Gambling operates a 24/7 helpline (1-800-522-4700) for individuals seeking help with gambling addiction. Many states also have their own resources for problem gamblers.

Recognizing the signs of gambling addiction is crucial. These may include betting more than one can afford, chasing losses, and gambling interfering with work or personal relationships. 

Individuals who experience these symptoms are encouraged to seek help.

FAQ

Federal Law

Is sports betting legal at the federal level?

While the federal ban on sports betting was struck down in 2018, there is no federal law explicitly legalizing sports betting. The legality is determined at the state level.

Online Betting

Can I bet on sports online in any state where it's legal?

Not necessarily. Some states have legalized only in-person sports betting, while others allow both retail and online wagering. 

Additionally, online bets typically must be placed within state borders where it's legal.

Tax Rates

How do tax rates affect sports betting?

Tax rates can impact the competitiveness of a state's sports betting market. Higher tax rates may result in less favorable odds for bettors, as operators need to maintain profitability.

Offshore Sportsbooks

What's the difference between legal and offshore sportsbooks?

Legal sportsbooks are licensed and regulated by state authorities, offering consumer protections and responsible gambling measures. 

Offshore sportsbooks operate outside US jurisdiction and may pose risks to consumers.

Professional Leagues

How does sports betting legalization affect professional leagues?

Legalization has led to partnerships between leagues and betting operators, increased fan engagement, and new revenue streams for leagues through data licensing and sponsorships.

Restrictions

Are there restrictions on what sports I can bet on?

Restrictions vary by state. Some states prohibit betting on in-state college teams or certain types of bets, like prop bets on individual college athletes.

Differentiation From Other Betting

How is sports betting different from other forms of gambling?

Sports betting is seen as a form of gambling that involves an element of skill, as bettors can use knowledge of sports to inform their wagers. However, like all forms of gambling, the house maintains an edge over time.

<p>Nick has been fascinated with sports since he was first taken to a Toronto Maple Leafs game back in 1998, and he's written about them professionally since 2014.</p><p>Nick has covered baseball and hockey for outlets like The Athletic, Sportsnet, and Yahoo Sports, and his sports betting expertise has grown since its legalization in Ontario in 2022.&nbsp;</p><p>Between 2022 and 2023 he worked for a betting startup called NorthStar Bets, and in 2024 he contributed to Oddspedia before joining the Responsible Gambler team.</p>
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Meet our Authors

Paruyr Shahbazyan began his business career in 2000 as a private entrepreneur. Over thirteen years, he developed a deep understanding for business and leadership, laying a solid foundation for his professional journey.

In 2013, Paruyr stepped into the sports and betting industry as the founder and president of Bookmaker Rating. This online mass media platform, which he led until 2020, focused on providing in-depth analysis and insights in sports betting, earning a reputation for its quality content. 

Continuing his innovative approach in 2022, Paruyr co-founded Azuro, a decentralized betting protocol. This venture showcases his dedication to integrating advanced technology in the evolving landscape of sports betting. Through these diverse experiences, Paruyr has continuously influenced and shaped the betting industry, driving new trends and setting high standards.

 ExperienceYear
Engaged in private entrepreneurship2000-2013
Founder and President at Bookmaker Rating, an online platform focused on sports and betting2013-2020
Co-founder at Azuro, a decentralized betting protocol2022

"Innovation in sportsbetting comes from a deep understanding of both technology and the human element of sports." 

- Paruyr Shahbazyan, Founder, RG

 

Principles and Ethics

Paruyr Shahbazyan's core beliefs lie in the power of informed decision-making and integrity in the betting industry. He understands that the foundation of successful betting is not just about odds and predictions, but also about the trust and reliability of the information provided. Paruyr advocates for a betting environment where transparency and knowledge are paramount, ensuring that bettors are well-equipped with accurate data and insights.

Strategic Vision

Paruyr's vision is to revolutionize the sports betting industry through the integration of technology. He sees the future of betting as a blend of traditional sports knowledge with innovative tech solutions, like decentralized protocols, to enhance user experience and fairness. His aim is to create platforms that are not only user-friendly but also uphold the highest standards of ethical betting, contributing to a more responsible and enjoyable betting culture.

Future Perspectives

Looking towards the future, Paruyr envisions a betting landscape that is more inclusive, technologically advanced, and globally connected. He anticipates a significant shift towards more decentralized and transparent betting systems, driven by blockchain technology. Paruyr is committed to being at the forefront of this change, continuously exploring new possibilities and innovations that can redefine what it means to engage in sports betting in a digital world. His focus is on building systems that prioritize user empowerment, fairness, and the global growth of the sports betting community.

 

Sol Fayerman-Hansen
Sol Fayerman-Hansen
Editor-in-Chief

Sol has over 20 years of experience in writing for diverse industries including sports, gambling, regulation, technology, and startups. As the Editor-in-Chief at RG, Sol brings a wealth of knowledge and expertise to the role, focusing on delivering transparent, evidence-based content grounded in thorough research. Sol's mission is to empower readers to enjoy gambling responsibly and make informed decisions, enhancing their overall experience through insightful and engaging content. Under Sol's leadership, RG prioritizes the highest standards of integrity and reliability, ensuring that all information provided is accurate and trustworthy. Sol's dedication to transparency and research-based writing helps create a responsible gambling environment where readers can truly benefit from the content. This commitment to excellence has positioned RG as a leading source of information in the gambling industry.

Experience:

  • Over 20 years in writing and editing across multiple industries
  • Former head of regional innovation at BMO Financial Group
  • Senior Writer, Online Casino Reports
Cristina Varela Galan
Cristina Varela Galan
Problem Gambling Expert

Cristina used to work as a Psychology Assistant in the Bizkaia Pathological and Risky Gamblers Association. She was also part of a research team in Deusto University, specializing in pathological gambling area. While working there, she managed to develop her own project 

 “Exploring the association between emotional regulation, alexithymia, stressful life events and gambling in adolescent and young adult women”.

Nick Ashbourne
Nick Ashbourne
Senior Writer

Nick has been fascinated with sports since he was first taken to a Toronto Maple Leafs game back in 1998, and he's written about them professionally since 2014.

Nick has covered baseball and hockey for outlets like The Athletic, Sportsnet, and Yahoo Sports, and his sports betting expertise has grown since its legalization in Ontario in 2022. 

Between 2022 and 2023 he worked for a betting startup called NorthStar Bets, and in 2024 he contributed to Oddspedia before joining the Responsible Gambler team.

Sergey Demidov
Sergey Demidov
Head of News Department

Sergey has been in sports journalism since 2007 as a reporter, editor, and manager. He has covered the Olympic Games, soccer World Cups, the World Cup of Hockey in 2016, the European championships, the Stanley Cup Finals, IOC events, and many others. Sergey interviewed the sport's greatest athletes, coaches, and executives. Since 2016, he has been an Independent Senior Editor of NHL.com/ru.

Anna Kravtcova
Anna Kravtcova
Problem Gambling Expert

Ph.D. in organizational psychology, an internationally certified psychologist (EuroPsy 2022, Cognitive behavioural therapy of mindfulness 2020, International Society for Emotional Intelligence 2017, Russian Psychological society 2014, American Psychological Association(Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychologist) 2011), speaker of many international conferences (USA, Brazil, Portugal, Czech Republic, Russia, etc.). TEDx speaker.

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